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The term Caucasian languages is generally restricted to these families, which are spoken by about 11.2 million people. [ 3 ] Kartvelian , also known as the South Caucasian or Iberian language family, with a total of about 4.3 million speakers.
Caucasians that speak languages belonging to the Semitic language family: Assyrians in the Caucasus number approximately 35,000 people, and live in Armenia, Georgia, [3] Azerbaijan and southern Russia. There are up to 15,000 in Georgia, [3] 5000 in Armenia, up to 15,000 in southern Russian regions of the Caucasus and 1400 in Azerbaijan.
The North Caucasian languages, sometimes called simply Caucasic, is a proposed language family consisting of a pair of well established language families spoken in the Caucasus, predominantly in the north, consisting of the Northwest Caucasian family (also called Pontic, Abkhaz–Adyghe, Circassian, or West Caucasian) and the Northeast Caucasian family (also called Nakh–Dagestanian, Caspian ...
The Avar language belongs to the Avar-Andi-Tsez subgroup of the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh–Dagestanian) language family. The writing is based on the Cyrillic script, which replaced the Arabic script used before 1927 and the Latin script used between 1927 and 1938. More than 60% of the Avars living in Dagestan speak Russian as their second ...
The Northwest Caucasian languages, [1] also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, Abkhazo-Circassian, [2] Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages (from Ancient Greek, pontos, referring to the Black Sea, in contrast to the Northeast Caucasian languages as the Caspian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the northwestern Caucasus region, [3] chiefly in three Russian republics ...
Main areas of Northeast Caucasian languages. The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as ...
The Lezgin language belongs to the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family (with Aghul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Tabasaran, Budukh, Khinalug, Jek, Khaput, Kryts, and Udi). The Lezgin language has three closely related (mutually intelligible) dialects: Kurin (also referred to as Gunei or Kurakh), Akhti, and Kuba.
Circassian (/ s ɜːr ˈ k æ ʃ ən / sur-KASH-ən), also known as Cherkess (/ tʃ ɜːr ˈ k ɛ s / chur-KESS), is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassian people.