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In marine applications, this can increase fresh water requirements as the boiler must be continuously washed to remove the deposits. Most catalysts on the market have porous structures and a geometries optimized for increasing their specific surface area (a clay planting pot is a good example of what SCR catalyst feels like). This porosity is ...
A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
The catalytic cycle of the Monsanto process. The catalytically active species is the anion cis-[Rh(CO) 2 I 2] − (top of scheme). [3] The first organometallic step is the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to cis-[Rh(CO) 2 I 2] − to form the hexacoordinate species [(CH 3)Rh(CO) 2 I 3] −.
For this reason, a ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen of 1 to 3, a pressure of 250 to 350 bar, a temperature of 450 to 550 °C and α iron are optimal. The catalyst ferrite (α-Fe) is produced in the reactor by the reduction of magnetite with hydrogen. The catalyst has its highest efficiency at temperatures of about 400 to 500 °C.
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst) at high enough speeds to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
[3] The shapes which the catalysts are packed onto must be able to form a consistent geometric arrangement to provide equal spacing in the catalyst bed (an area in the distillation column where the reactant and catalyst come into contact to form the products). This spacing is meant to ensure the catalysts are spread evenly within the column.
High surface area facilitates catalytic reaction or filtration. The open spaces in the cross-sectional area are 72 to 87% of the frontal area, so resistance to the flow of gases through the holes is low, which minimizes energy consumed forcing gases through the structure. The monolith is a substrate that supports a catalyst.
The overlap between these two subclasses is relatively small because the requirements to the respective catalysts differ widely. Commercial catalysts are supported by being bound to a solid with a high surface area. Both TiCl 4 and TiCl 3 give active catalysts. [6] [7] The support in the majority of the catalysts is MgCl 2. A third component of ...