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As a protist, Plasmodium is a eukaryote of the phylum Apicomplexa. Unusual characteristics of this organism in comparison to general eukaryotes include the rhoptry, micronemes, and polar rings near the apical end. Plasmodium is known best for the infection it causes in humans, namely, malaria.
Protozoan infections are responsible for diseases that affect many different types of organisms, including plants, animals, and some marine life. Many of the most prevalent and deadly human diseases are caused by a protozoan infection, including African sleeping sickness , amoebic dysentery , and malaria .
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and Anopheles mosquitoes. [6] [7] [3] Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. [1] [8] In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death.
The causative organism of malaria is a protozoan, Plasmodium falciparium, that is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. [4] Malaria is recorded as the most common disease in Sub-Saharan Africa, and some Asian countries with the highest number of deaths. [5] Studies have shown the increased prevalence of this disease since 2015. [6]
Some of these can cause severe disease in primates, while others can remain in the host for prolonged periods without causing disease. [26] Many other mammals also carry Plasmodium species, such as a variety of rodents, ungulates, and bats. Again, some species of Plasmodium can cause severe disease in some of these hosts, while many appear not ...
Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms. Either via their bite, as in the case of malaria spread by mosquitoes, or via their faeces, as in the case of Chagas' Disease spread by Triatoma bugs or epidemic typhus spread by human body lice. Many invertebrates are responsible for transmitting diseases.
Another paper has confirmed the presence of P. malaria in chimpanzees. [19] The existence of multiple independent reports seem to suggest that the chimpanzee and possibly other species may act as a host to P. malaria at least occasionally. Vivax. P. vivax will infect chimpanzees. Infection tends to be low grade but may be persistent and remain ...
Both protists use protein complexes similar to those that are formed by the gregarines for gliding motility and for invading target cells. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This makes the gregarines excellent models for studying gliding motility, with the goal of developing treatment options for both toxoplasmosis and malaria.