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  2. Eukaryotic translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation

    Translation is one of the key energy consumers in cells, hence it is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have evolved that control and regulate translation in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Regulation of translation can impact the global rate of protein synthesis which is closely coupled to the metabolic and proliferative state of a cell.

  3. Termination signal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_signal

    In the context of translation, a termination signal is the stop codon on the mRNA that elicits the release of the growing peptide from the ribosome. [ 2 ] Termination signals play an important role in regulating gene expression since they mark the end of a gene transcript and determine which DNA sequences are expressed in the cell. [ 1 ]

  4. Initiation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiation_factor

    The eIF4F complex supports the cap-dependent translation initiation process and is composed of the initiation factors eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G. The cap end of the mRNA, being the 5’ end, is brought to the complex where the 43S ribosomal complex can bind and scan the mRNA for the start codon. During this process, the 60S ribosomal subunit binds ...

  5. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids . This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA.

  6. Translational regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_regulation

    Initiation of translation is regulated by the accessibility of ribosomes to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. This stretch of four to nine purine residues are located upstream the initiation codon and hybridize to a pyrimidine-rich sequence near the 3' end of the 16S RNA within the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit . [ 1 ]

  7. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    Poly-A polymerase adds approximately 200 adenines to the cleaved 3’ end of the RNA without a template. [35] The long poly-A tail is unique to transcripts made by Pol II. In the process of terminating transcription by Pol I and Pol II, the elongation complex does not dissolve immediately after the RNA is cleaved.

  8. Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cellular_and...

    3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Also three-prime untranslated region, 3' non-translated region (3'-NTR), and trailer sequence.. 3'-end. Also three-prime end.. One of two ends of a single linear strand of DNA or RNA, specifically the end at which the chain of nucleotides terminates at the third carbon atom in the furanose ring of deoxyribose or ribose (i.e. the terminus at which the 3' carbon ...

  9. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...