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  2. Endergonic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endergonic_reaction

    In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (from Greek ἔνδον (endon) 'within' and ἔργον (ergon) 'work'; also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this ...

  3. Partial dislocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_dislocation

    For example, consider two extended dislocations: DB = Dγ + γB and BC = Bδ + δC. When they meet, it is more energetically favorable to form a single dislocation, DC = DB + BC = Dγ + γB + Bδ + δC = Dγ + γδ + δC. The trailing partials of each extended dislocation now form a stair-rod partial.

  4. Ostwald ripening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald_ripening

    Large particles are more energetically favorable since, continuing with this example, more atoms are bonded to 6 neighbors and fewer atoms are at the unfavorable surface. As the system tries to lower its overall energy, molecules on the surface of a small particle (energetically unfavorable, with only 3 or 4 or 5 bonded neighbors) will tend to ...

  5. Thermochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemistry

    Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and boiling. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same. Thermochemistry focuses on the energy exchange between a system and its surroundings in the form of heat. Thermochemistry is ...

  6. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    While free energy change describes the stability of products relative to reactants, the rate of any reaction is defined by the energy of the transition state relative to the starting material. Depending on these parameters, a reaction can be favorable or unfavorable, fast or slow and reversible or irreversible, as shown in figure 8.

  7. Anabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolism

    Anabolism usually involves reduction and decreases entropy, making it unfavorable without energy input. [6] The starting materials, called the precursor molecules, are joined using the chemical energy made available from hydrolyzing ATP, reducing the cofactors NAD + , NADP + , and FAD , or performing other favorable side reactions. [ 7 ]

  8. Stacking-fault energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacking-fault_energy

    The equilibrium width is thus partially determined by the stacking-fault energy. When the SFE is high the dissociation of a full dislocation into two partials is energetically unfavorable, and the material can deform either by dislocation glide or cross-slip. Lower SFE materials display wider stacking faults and have more difficulties for cross ...

  9. Strain (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(chemistry)

    If there is a decrease in Gibbs free energy from one state to another, this transformation is spontaneous and the lower energy state is more stable. A highly strained, higher energy molecular conformation will spontaneously convert to the lower energy molecular conformation. Examples of the anti and gauche conformations of butane.

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