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In digital logic, a hazard is an undesirable effect caused by either a deficiency in the system or external influences in both synchronous [citation needed] and asynchronous circuits. [1]: 43 Logic hazards are manifestations of a problem in which changes in the input variables do not change the output correctly due to some form of delay caused ...
The circuit on the left is satisfiable but the circuit on the right is not. In theoretical computer science, the circuit satisfiability problem (also known as CIRCUIT-SAT, CircuitSAT, CSAT, etc.) is the decision problem of determining whether a given Boolean circuit has an assignment of its inputs that makes the output true. [1]
The problem with having a complicated circuit (i.e. one with many elements, such as logic gates) is that each element takes up physical space and costs time and money to produce. Circuit minimization may be one form of logic optimization used to reduce the area of complex logic in integrated circuits.
Race condition in a logic circuit. Here, ∆t 1 and ∆t 2 represent the propagation delays of the logic elements. When the input value A changes from low to high, the circuit outputs a short spike of duration (∆t 1 + ∆t 2) − ∆t 2 = ∆t 1.
The Circuit Value Problem — the problem of computing the output of a given Boolean circuit on a given input string — is a P-complete decision problem. [3]: 119 Therefore, this problem is considered to be "inherently sequential" in the sense that there is likely no efficient, highly parallel algorithm that solves the problem.
In metastable states, the circuit may be unable to settle into a stable '0' or '1' logic level within the time required for proper circuit operation. As a result, the circuit can act in unpredictable ways, and may lead to a system failure, sometimes referred to as a "glitch". [2] Metastability is an instance of the Buridan's ass paradox.
As an example, consider the static logic implementation of a CMOS NAND gate: This circuit implements the logic function = ¯ If A and B are both high, the output will be pulled low. If either A or B are low, the output will be pulled high. At all times, the output is pulled either low or high.
Example Boolean circuit. The nodes are AND gates, the nodes are OR gates, and the nodes are NOT gates. In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them.