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Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection.
Selfing syndrome refers to plants that are autogamous and display a complex of characteristics associated with self-pollination. [1] The term was first coined by Adrien Sicard and Michael Lenhard in 2011, but was first described in detail by Charles Darwin in his book “The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom” (1876), making note that the flowers of self ...
Lapeirousia oreogena is rhinomyophilous, a pollination syndrome referring to the pollination of flowers by flies with long mouthparts. [12] The flowers of L. oreogena are pollinated by a single [12] species of Nemestrinid fly in the genus Prosoeca, [13] [4] described as one of the "most specialized systems" of coevolution among related plants.
The flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome. [11] The flower heads are tiny, fluffy and can be pale dusty pink or whitish. [ 5 ] The fruit is an achene about 2 or 3 mm long, borne by a pappus with hairs 3 to 5 mm long, which is distributed by the wind.
This leads to shifts in pollination syndromes and to some genera having a high diversity of pollination syndromes among species, suggesting that pollinators are a primary selective force driving diversity and speciation. [5] [6] Ophrys apifera is an orchid species that has a highly evolved plant-pollinator relationship. This specific species ...
A pine with male flowers releasing pollen into the wind. Features of the wind-pollination syndrome include a lack of scent production, a lack of showy floral parts (resulting in small, inconspicuous flowers), reduced production of nectar, and the production of enormous numbers of pollen grains. [4]
Salmonella, a type of bacteria, is a leading cause of foodborne illness, hospitalizations and deaths in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The disease is an ssRNA that injects itself into the host cell, then has the host cell duplicate the RNA sequence as well as the coat protein used to disguise the RNA. [4] The infected cell also starts to create movement proteins that facilitate the movement of the virus through the plant making the plasmodesmata (connections between plant ...