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Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection.
Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. [1] Almost all gymnosperms are anemophilous, as are many plants in the order Poales , including grasses , sedges , and rushes . [ 1 ]
One such syndrome is "buzz pollination" (or "sonication"), where a bee must vibrate at a certain frequency in order to cause pollen to be released from the anthers. [24] In zoophily, pollination is performed by vertebrates such as birds and bats, particularly, hummingbirds, sunbirds, spiderhunters, honeyeaters, and fruit bats.
This leads to shifts in pollination syndromes and to some genera having a high diversity of pollination syndromes among species, suggesting that pollinators are a primary selective force driving diversity and speciation. [5] [6] Ophrys apifera is an orchid species that has a highly evolved plant-pollinator relationship. This specific species ...
Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted. These are characteristics such as: overall flower size, the depth and width of the corolla, the color (including patterns called nectar guides that are visible only in ultraviolet light), the scent, amount of nectar, composition of nectar, etc. [2] For example, birds visit red flowers with long, narrow ...
Male orchid bees have a large hind tibia with pouches where they store fragrances. Adult male bees spend much of their time filling their pouch with the volatile fragrances found at orchid flowers. This behavior has given rise to the “pollination syndrome”, where males pollinate about 650 orchid species. [15]
Liberals are taking “Trump Derangement Syndrome” to whole new level, according to one doctor. Some patients are reacting to President Trump’s first weeks in office with reports of depression ...
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