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1. Physical layer. In the IEEE 802 reference model of computer networking, the logical link control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The LLC sublayer acts as an interface between the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the network layer.
A laboratory information management system (LIMS), sometimes referred to as a laboratory information system (LIS) or laboratory management system (LMS), is a software -based solution with features that support a modern laboratory 's operations. Key features include—but are not limited to— workflow and data tracking support, flexible ...
Software Communications Architecture. The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is an open architecture framework that defines a standard way for radios to instantiate, configure, and manage waveform applications running on their platform. The SCA separates waveform software from the underlying hardware platform, facilitating waveform ...
Microsoft Excel A simple bar graph being created in Excel, running on Windows 11 Developer(s) Microsoft Initial release November 19, 1987 ; 36 years ago (1987-11-19) Stable release 2312 (Build 17126.20132) / January 9, 2024 ; 9 months ago (2024-01-09) Written in C++ (back-end) Operating system Microsoft Windows Type Spreadsheet License Trialware Website microsoft.com microsoft-365 /excel ...
Around the 1970s/1980s the term information engineering methodology (IEM) was created to describe database design and the use of software for data analysis and processing. [3] [4] These techniques were intended to be used by database administrators (DBAs) and by systems analysts based upon an understanding of the operational processing needs of organizations for the 1980s.
The most common data recovery scenarios involve an operating system failure, malfunction of a storage device, logical failure of storage devices, accidental damage or deletion, etc. (typically, on a single-drive, single-partition, single-OS system), in which case the ultimate goal is simply to copy all important files from the damaged media to another new drive.
It is intended primarily to save cost in low-bandwidth human interface devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks. Full speed (FS) rate of 12 Mbit/s is the basic USB signaling rate defined by USB 1.0. All USB hubs can operate at this rate. High speed (HS) rate of 480 Mbit/s was introduced in 2001 by USB 2.0.
The source–message–channel–receiver model is a linear transmission model of communication. It is also referred to as the sender–message–channel–receiver model, the SMCR model, and Berlo's model. It was first published by David Berlo in his 1960 book The Process of Communication. It contains a detailed discussion of the four main ...