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Euglena is a genus of single cell flagellate eukaryotes. It is the best known and most widely studied member of the class Euglenoidea, a diverse group containing some 54 genera and at least 200 species. [1] [2] Species of Euglena are found in fresh water and salt water.
Two genera, Strombomonas and Trachelomonas produce outer shells called loricae. [ 4 ] As with other euglenids, cells in the Euglenaceae are surrounded by a series of proteinaceous strips called the pellicle ; the pellicle can stretch in most genera, allowing the cell to contract, creating a type of movement called metaboly.
Within its taxon, the pellicle is one of the euglenoids' most diverse morphological features. [7] The pellicle is composed of proteinaceous strips underneath the cell membrane, supported by dorsal and ventral microtubules. This varies from rigid to flexible, and gives the cell its shape, often giving it distinctive striations.
Euglenales consists mostly of freshwater organisms, in contrast to its sister Eutreptiales which is generally marine. Cells have two flagella, but only one is emergent; the other is very short and does not emerge from the cell, so cells appear to have only one flagellum. [3]
Euglena viridis is a freshwater, single cell, mixotroph microalgae bearing a secondary chloroplast. [1] Their chloroplast is bounded by three layers of membrane without a nucleomorph . [ 2 ] Normally, it is 40–65 μm long, slightly bigger than other well-known Euglena species: Euglena gracilis .
Euglena gracilis is a freshwater species of single-celled alga in the genus Euglena. It has secondary chloroplasts , and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis . It has a highly flexible cell surface, allowing it to change shape from a thin cell up to 100 μm long to a sphere of approximately 20 μm.
Euglenophyceae encompasses three taxonomic groups: the mixotrophic Rapaza viridis and two mainly phototrophic orders, Euglenales and Eutreptiales. [1] [3] [6] The classification is as follows (species numbers based on AlgaeBase): [7] Order Euglenales Leedale, 1967 emend. Marin & Melkonian, 2003. Family Euglenaceae [Euglenidae] Dujardin, 1841 ...
Euglena, Trypanosoma: Many important parasites, one large group with plastids (chloroplasts) Heterolobosea (Percolozoa) Naegleria, Acrasis: Most alternate between flagellate and amoeboid forms Jakobea: Jakoba, Reclinomonas: Free-living, sometimes loricate flagellates, with very gene-rich mitochondrial genomes Metamonada or POD: Preaxostyla