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The two most common manifestations of E histolytica include colitis (bloody stool with mucus, abdominal pain, and/or diarrhea), and discovery of a liver abscess on imaging. [2] Liver abscesses commonly present as right upper quadrant abdominal pain and fever, with worsening features associated with abscess rupture. [2]
A large pyogenic liver abscess presumed to be the result of appendicitis. There are several major forms of liver abscess, classified by cause: [3] Pyogenic liver abscess, which is most often polymicrobial, accounts for 80% of hepatic abscess cases in the United States. Amoebic liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica accounts for 10% of cases ...
In the liver a similar pathological sequence ensues, leading to amebic liver abscesses. The trophozoites can also end up in other organs, sometimes via the bloodstream, sometimes via liver abscess rupture or fistulas. Similarly, when the trophozoites travel to the brain, they can cause amoebic brain abscesses. [26]
Pulmonary amoebiasis can occur from liver lesions by spread through the blood or by perforation of pleural cavity and lung. It can cause lung abscess, pulmono pleural fistula, empyema lung and broncho pleural fistula. It can also reach the brain through blood vessels and cause amoebic brain abscess and amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Symptoms can progress to ameboma, fulminant colitis, toxic megacolon, colonic ulcers, leading to perforation, and abscesses in vital organs like liver, lung, and brain. Amoebiasis can be treated with the administration of anti-amoebic compounds, this often includes the use of Metronidazole , Ornidazole , Chloroquine , Secnidazole , Nitazoxanide ...
For amebic liver abscess: Metronidazole 400 mg three times a day for 10 days; Tinidazole 2g once a day for 6 days is an alternative to metronidazole; Diloxanide furoate 500 mg three times a day for 10 days (or one of the other lumenal amebicides above) must always be given afterwards
Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen responsible for invasive 'amoebiasis' (which includes amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses). Others such as Entamoeba coli (not to be confused with Escherichia coli) and Entamoeba dispar [3] are harmless.
This can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Once symptoms start to occur, the standard means of diagnosing are a series of stool sample examinations and serological testing, and, if necessary, a colonoscopy or a biopsy of intestinal amebic legions or draining of liver abscesses (if present). [ 7 ]