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  2. Livonian War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War

    The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm , the Kingdom of Sweden , and the Union (later Commonwealth ) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland .

  3. List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the...

    Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Wallachia Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia Cossack Hetmanate Lipka Tatars: Defeat Treaty of Buchach; Treaty of Żurawno [10] 1683–1699 Great Turkish War. Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) Russo-Turkish War ...

  4. Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of...

    The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk.

  5. Livonian Crusade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_Crusade

    The main source of information on the Livonian crusade is the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, written in c. 1229 by Henry of Latvia (Henricus de Lettis). [5] In his chronicle, the author notes that he penned it down at the urging of his lords and companions, including his former teacher bishop Albert of Riga, who receives much praise throughout the text, that is internally divided according to ...

  6. Balthasar Russow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthasar_Russow

    Balthasar Russow (1536–1600) was one of the most important Livonian and Estonian chroniclers. [1] Russow was born in Reval, Livonia (now Tallinn, Estonia). He was educated at an academy in Stettin, Pomerania (now Szczecin, Poland). He was the Lutheran pastor of the Estonian congregation at the Holy Spirit Church in Reval from 1566 until his ...

  7. Livonian Chronicle of Henry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_Chronicle_of_Henry

    The third book, "On bishop Albert" describes events between 1198 and 1208: the arrival of third bishop of Ikšķile, Albert of Buxhoeveden, the foundation of the Christian knightly order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the conquest and dividing of Livonian territories between the Bishopric of Livonia and the Order, the wars with the ...

  8. Duchy of Courland and Semigallia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semi...

    The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia [a] was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominal vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 [1] and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726. [2]

  9. Lithuanian Crusade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade

    Through the Livonian Crusade, they conquered the Terra Mariana that bordered Lithuanian Samogitia, which increased conflicts. [7] Those conflicts reached their apex in 1236 with the Battle of Saule near Šiauliai—the Livonian Brothers of the Sword suffered a disastrous defeat. Only 10% of their army survived and more than 48 of their knights ...

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