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Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from confined animal operations and from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations ...
Leaf spots can vary in size, shape, and color depending on the age and type of the cause or pathogen. Plants, shrubs and trees are weakened by the spots on the leaves as they reduce available foliar space for photosynthesis. Other forms of leaf spot diseases include leaf rust, downy mildew and blights. [4]
This mycelial layer may quickly spread to cover all of the leaves. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant.
White rust is a disease in plants caused by the oomycete Albugo candida or one of its close relatives. Plants susceptible to this disease generally include members of the Brassica family. [ 1 ] White rust has been known to cause agricultural losses in fields cultivating members of this family including broccoli , cauliflower , and Indian ...
Hot and dry conditions in the summer cause the fungus to become inactivated and the leaf spots to turn white and crusted. [11] During the summer, the diseased leaves fall leaving only the healthy ones on the partially defoliated trees. This provides a natural control for the disease. [5] The disease also mainly infects young leaves in the ...
The Cucurbitaceae (/ k j uː ˌ k ɜːr b ɪ ˈ t eɪ s iː ˌ iː /), [2] also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species [3] in 101 genera. [4] ...
Stegophora ulmea is characterized by chlorotic yellow spots 1 millimeter in diameter with a black center that develop early in the spring. [1] [2] [4] They darken and become raised. The black center can increase to occupy the entire chlorotic area. [4] The black spots can become about 5 millimeters in diameter. [1]
The leaves of all four of these species may or may not have white spots. [ 8 ] The species are monoecious , with unisexual male ( staminate ) and female ( pistillate ) flowers on a single plant and these grow singly, appearing from the leaf axils .