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Streams may be used to chain applications, meaning that the output stream of one program can be redirected to be the input stream to another application. In many operating systems this is expressed by listing the application names, separated by the vertical bar character, for this reason often called the pipeline character.
Stream editing processes a file or files, in-place, without having to load the file(s) into a user interface. One example of such use is to do a search and replace on all the files in a directory, from the command line. On Unix and related systems based on the C language, a stream is a source or sink of data, usually individual bytes or characters.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
In DOS and Windows (and in CP/M and many DEC operating systems such as the PDP-6 monitor, [3] RT-11, VMS or TOPS-10 [4]), reading from the terminal will never produce an EOF. Instead, programs recognize that the source is a terminal (or other "character device") and interpret a given reserved character or sequence as an end-of-file indicator ...
The byte-order mark (BOM) is a particular usage of the special Unicode character code, U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE, whose appearance as a magic number at the start of a text stream can signal several things to a program reading the text: [1] the byte order, or endianness, of the text stream in the cases of 16-bit and 32-bit encodings;
The file is identified by a file descriptor that is normally obtained from a previous call to open. This system call reads in data in bytes, the number of which is specified by the caller, from the file and stores then into a buffer supplied by the calling process. The read system call takes three arguments: The file descriptor of the file.
This is a feature of C# 9.0. Similar to in scripting languages, top-level statements removes the ceremony of having to declare the Program class with a Main method. Instead, statements can be written directly in one specific file, and that file will be the entry point of the program. Code in other files will still have to be defined in classes.
an input stream that wraps a file stream buffer. Provides functions to open or close a file in addition to those of generic input stream ifstream – operates on characters of type char; wifstream – operates on characters of type wchar_t; basic_istringstream: an input stream that wraps a string stream buffer.