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Scar tissue is composed of the same protein as the tissue that it replaces, but the fiber composition of the protein is different; instead of a random basketweave formation of the collagen fibers found in normal tissue, in fibrosis the collagen cross-links and forms a pronounced alignment in a single direction. [1]
Fibrosis can be used to describe the pathological state of excess deposition of fibrous tissue, as well as the process of connective tissue deposition in healing. [4] Defined by the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibrosis results in scarring and thickening of the affected tissue — it is in essence a natural ...
Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
Damaged sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, muscle cells, and nerves are seldom repaired. They are usually replaced by the fibrous tissue. The result is the formation of an inflexible, fibrous scar tissue. Human skin cells are capable of repairing UV-induced DNA damages by the process of nucleotide excision repair. [2]
Extensive scar tissue formation is a major cause of nerve entrapment, and for deep gluteal syndrome (entrapment of the sciatic nerve in the deep gluteal space), it's the most common cause. [11] While the concept of scar tissue causing traction injuries is widely accepted, [2] its role is
Fibroblasts within the muscle deposit scar tissue, which can impair muscle function, and is a significant part of the pathology of muscular dystrophies. Satellite cells proliferate following muscle trauma [11] and form new myofibers through a process similar to fetal muscle development. [12]
In humans with non-injured tissues, the tissue naturally regenerates over time; by default, new available cells replace expended cells. For example, the body regenerates a full bone within ten years, while non-injured skin tissue is regenerated within two weeks. [2] With injured tissue, the body usually has a different response.
[1] [2] Fibrosis is the formation of excess tissue in replacement of necrotic or extensively damaged tissue. Fibrosis in the heart is often hard to detect because fibromas, scar tissue or small tumors formed in one cell line, are often formed. [3] Because they are so small, they can be hard to detect by methods such as magnetic resonance ...