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Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
Installing malware or executing malevolent code on a server by injecting server scripting code (such as PHP). Privilege escalation to either superuser permissions on UNIX by exploiting shell injection vulnerabilities in a binary file or to Local System privileges on Microsoft Windows by exploiting a service within Windows.
In practice, many echo implementations are not compliant in the default environment. Because of these variations in behaviour, echo is considered a non-portable command on Unix-like systems [22] and the printf command (where available, introduced by Ninth Edition Unix) is preferred instead.
Editing a FreeBSD shell script for configuring ipfirewall. A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. [1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages.
In Linux, if the script was executed by a regular user, the shell would attempt to execute the command rm -rf / as a regular user, and the command would fail. However, if the script was executed by the root user, then the command would likely succeed and the filesystem would be erased. It is recommended to use sudo on a per-command basis instead.
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell command-line interpreter for computer operating systems.It first appeared on Version 7 Unix, as its default shell. Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users.
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts .
The standard utility program that alters this flag programmatically is the stty command, using which the flag may be altered from shell scripts or an interactive shell. [25] The command to turn local echo (by the host system) on is stty echo and the command to turn it off is stty-echo. [26] [fn 2]