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The designation for each is given as the approximate height of the beam, the type (beam or column) and then the unit metre rate (e.g., a 460UB67.1 is an approximately 460 mm (18.1 in) deep universal beam that weighs 67.1 kg/m (135 lb/yd)).
Structural channel, or {C-beam, or 'C' cross-section; Tee (T-shaped cross-section) Rail profile (asymmetrical Ɪ-beam) Railway rail; Vignoles rail; Flanged R rail; Grooved rail; Bar, a long piece with a rectangular cross section, but not so wide so as to be called a sheet. Rod, a round or square section long compared to its width; see also ...
The main function of an OWSJ is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column. In order to accurately design an OWSJ, engineers consider the joist span between bearing points, joist spacing, slope, live loads , dead loads , collateral loads, seismic ...
The pitch of a roof is its vertical 'rise' over its horizontal 'run’ (i.e. its span), also known as its 'slope'. In the imperial measurement systems, "pitch" is usually expressed with the rise first and run second (in the US, run is held to number 12; [1] e.g., 3:12, 4:12, 5:12). In metric systems either the angle in degrees or rise per unit ...
Bonnet roof: A reversed gambrel or Mansard roof with the lower portion at a lower pitch than the upper portion. Monitor roof: A roof with a monitor; 'a raised structure running part or all of the way along the ridge of a double-pitched roof, with its own roof running parallel with the main roof.' Butterfly roof (V-roof, [8] London roof [9]): A ...
(HSS dimensions are based on exterior dimensions of the profile; pipes are also manufactured to an exterior tolerance, albeit to a different standard.) The corners of HSS are heavily rounded, having a radius which is approximately twice the wall thickness. The wall thickness is uniform around the section.
Sheet piles are used to restrain soft soil above the bedrock in this excavation. Sheet piling is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground. The main application of sheet piles is in retaining walls and cofferdams erected to enable permanent works to proceed. Normally, vibrating ...
Larssen sheet piling is a kind of sheet piling retaining wall. Segments with indented profiles (troughs) interlock to form a wall with alternating indents and outdents. The troughs increase resistance to bending. The segments are typically made of steel or another metal. [1]