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Patiromer was generally well tolerated in studies. Side effects that occurred in more than 2% of patients included in clinical trials were mainly gastro-intestinal problems such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence, and also hypomagnesemia (low levels of magnesium in the blood) in 5% of patients, because patiromer binds magnesium in the gut as well.
Calcilytics are pharmaceutical drugs that act as antagonists at the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This increases the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which has a temporary anabolic effect on bone tissue, producing an increase in both bone volume and bone density due to increased bone deposition and resorption.
The mutations in the gene that causes osteoporosis-pseudoglioma either impaire the cells' ability to produce LRP5 protein or they change the single amino acids in the protein. They cannot insert themselves into the outside of the cell, which in turn does not allow them to do their function.
Steroid-induced osteoporosis is osteoporosis arising from the use of glucocorticoids (a class of steroid hormones) analogous to Cushing's syndrome but involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake.
A person's risk can be measured with the University of Sheffield's FRAX calculator—which includes many clinical risk factors, including prior fragility fracture, use of glucocorticoids, heavy smoking, excess alcohol intake, rheumatoid arthritis, history of parental hip fracture, chronic renal and liver disease, chronic respiratory disease ...
Osteoporosis is defined by the National Institutes of Health as ‘‘a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture.’’ [19] Low estrogen levels and poor nutrition, especially low calcium intake, can lead to osteoporosis, the third aspect of the triad.
Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (IPEX syndrome) is X-linked recessive due to mutation of the FOXP3 gene on the X chromosome. Most patients develop diabetes and diarrhea and many die due to autoimmune activity against many organs. Boys are affected, while girls are carriers and might experience mild disease.
On 21 February 2014 the European Medicine Agency recommended that strontium ranelate remain available with restrictions relative to patients with existing heart disease. [4] In 2017, a large study of over 280,000 British and Spanish patients found no increased risk of venous thromboembolism in users of strontium ranelate compared to alendronate ...