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  2. Cache hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_hierarchy

    Each upper-level cache component is a subset of the lower-level cache component. In this case, since there is a duplication of blocks, there is some wastage of memory. However, checking is faster. [citation needed] Under an exclusive policy, all the cache hierarchy components are completely exclusive, so that any element in the upper-level ...

  3. Roofline model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roofline_model

    The roofline model is an intuitive visual performance model used to provide performance estimates of a given compute kernel or application running on multi-core, many-core, or accelerator processor architectures, by showing inherent hardware limitations, and potential benefit and priority of optimizations.

  4. Cache replacement policies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies

    LFUDA increments cache age when evicting blocks by setting it to the evicted object's key value, and the cache age is always less than or equal to the minimum key value in the cache. [17] If an object was frequently accessed in the past and becomes unpopular, it will remain in the cache for a long time (preventing newly- or less-popular objects ...

  5. Cache coherence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_coherence

    Cache coherence is the discipline which ensures that the changes in the values of shared operands (data) are propagated throughout the system in a timely fashion. [2] The following are the requirements for cache coherence: [3] Write Propagation Changes to the data in any cache must be propagated to other copies (of that cache line) in the peer ...

  6. Branch predictor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_predictor

    A two-level adaptive predictor with globally shared history buffer and pattern history table is called a "gshare" predictor if it xors the global history and branch PC, and "gselect" if it concatenates them. Global branch prediction is used in AMD processors, and in Intel Pentium M, Core, Core 2, and Silvermont-based Atom processors.

  7. Cache-oblivious algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache-oblivious_algorithm

    Unlike the RAM machine model, it also introduces a cache: the second level of storage between the RAM and the CPU. The other differences between the two models are listed below. In the cache-oblivious model: The cache on the left holds blocks of size each, for a total of M objects. The external memory on the right is unbounded.

  8. Memory ordering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_ordering

    Traditional compilers translate high-level expressions to a sequence of low-level instructions relative to a program counter at the underlying machine level. Execution effects are visible at two levels: within the program code at a high level, and at the machine level as viewed by other threads or processing elements in concurrent programming ...

  9. External memory algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_memory_algorithm

    The external memory model is related to the cache-oblivious model, but algorithms in the external memory model may know both the block size and the cache size. For this reason, the model is sometimes referred to as the cache-aware model. [5] The model consists of a processor with an internal memory or cache of size M, connected to an unbounded ...