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Simple febrile seizures involve an otherwise healthy child who has at most one tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes in a 24-hour period. [1] Complex febrile seizures have focal symptoms, last longer than 15 minutes, or occur more than once within 24 hours. [5] About 80% are classified as simple febrile seizures. [6]
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is onset of severe seizures (status epilepticus) following a febrile illness in someone who was previously healthy. [1] The seizures may initially be focal; however, often become tonic-clonic. [4] Complications often include intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and ongoing seizures ...
Convulsions can also occur when the blood sugar is too low or there is a deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The pathophysiology of convulsion remains ambiguous. [5] Convulsions are often caused by epileptic seizures, febrile seizures, non-epileptic seizures, or paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. [2]
In children with one simple febrile seizure, starting anti-seizure medications is not recommended. [3] [54] While both fever medications (antipyretics) and anti-seizure medications reduce reoccurrence, the harmless nature of febrile seizures outweighs the risks of these medications. [54] However, if it was a complex febrile seizure, EEG should ...
Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes a catastrophic form of epilepsy, with prolonged seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever. [1]
These include febrile seizures that end by age 6 (FS), such seizures extending beyond age 6 that may include afebrile tonic-clonic, myoclonic, absence, atonic seizures and myoclonic-astatic epilepsy. Individuals may also present with SMEI, characterized by generally tonic-clonic seizures, impaired psychomotor development, myoclonic seizures ...
Breakthrough seizures are more likely with a number of triggers. [54]: 57 Often when a breakthrough seizure occurs in a person whose seizures have always been well controlled, there is a new underlying cause to the seizure. [55] Breakthrough seizures vary. Studies have shown the rates of breakthrough seizures ranging from 11 to 37%. [56]
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1]