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The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Following a five-month siege, the Romans destroyed the city, including the Second Temple. [1] [2] [3]
"Trajan and the Origins of Roman Hostility to the Jews." Past & Present 182: 3–29. Jacobson, David (2001), "When Palestine Meant Israel", Biblical Archaeology Review, 27 (3), archived from the original on 25 July 2011; Levine, Rabbi Menachem, 2023, The Jewish History of Rome Aish; Mclaren, James S. 2013. "The Jews in Rome during the Flavian ...
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [12]
The Roman campaigns led to the near-depopulation of Judea through widespread killings, mass enslavement, and the displacement of many Jews from the region. Roman rule in Judaea had been deeply resented, especially after the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple in 70 CE during the First Jewish–Roman War. In its aftermath, the Romans ...
The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
Ancient Jewish history is known from the Bible, extra-biblical sources, apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, the writings of Josephus, Greco-Roman authors and church fathers, as well as archaeological finds, inscriptions, ancient documents (such as the Papyri from Elephantine and the Fayyum, the Dead Sea scrolls, the Bar Kokhba letters, the Babatha ...
Vespasian, upon hearing of the events in Jerusalem from deserters, decided against marching on the city, asserting, according to Josephus, that God was letting the Jews destroy themselves without Roman interference. [265] [262] The wealthy Jewish village of Ein Gedi, located near the Dead Sea, was pillaged and ravaged by Sicarii from Masada
The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus, [3] a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became a historian. According to Josephus the long siege by the troops of the Roman Empire led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels and resident Jewish families of the Masada fortress.