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The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) verifies the authenticity of the signatures and ensures that the petition complies with the requirements set by law. If the petition is deemed valid, the proposed law or constitutional amendment is subjected to a national referendum. A majority vote in favor is needed for the proposal to become law.
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform ...
Proclamations (Filipino: Pagpahayag), [2] according to Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 4 of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the "Acts of the President fixing a date or declaring a status or condition of public moment or interest, upon the existence of which the operation of a specific law or regulation is made to depend.
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. The Constitution remains unamended to this day.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1997 that the People's Initiative method of amending the constitution is "fatally defective", or inoperable. Another ruling in 2006 on another attempt at a People's Initiative was ruled unconstitutional by the court [15] This only leaves the Constituent Assembly and the Constitutional Convention as the valid ways to amend the constitution.
The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which served as the basis for the current constitution. The Philippine legal system is a hybrid form based on the Spanish civil law and American common law system, [32]: 304–305 with a system of Sharia law in place for some areas of law involving Muslims. [33] [26]: 10874
The judiciary of the Philippines consists of the Supreme Court, which is established in the Constitution, and three levels of lower courts, which are established through law by the Congress of the Philippines. The Supreme Court has expansive powers, able to overrule political and administrative decisions, and with the ability to craft rules and ...
The 1987 Constitution allows for the creation of autonomous regions in the Cordillera Central of Luzon and in the Muslim-majority areas of Mindanao. [2] However, only the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and its predecessor, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, have been approved by voters in plebiscites held in 1989, 2001, and 2019.