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Fixed attenuators in circuits are used to lower voltage, dissipate power, and to improve impedance matching. In measuring signals, attenuator pads or adapters are used to lower the amplitude of the signal a known amount to enable measurements, or to protect the measuring device from signal levels that might damage it. Attenuators are also used ...
In microwave radio relay, a microwave transmitter and directional antenna transmits a narrow beam of microwaves carrying many channels of information on a line of sight path to another relay station where it is received by a directional antenna and receiver, forming a fixed radio connection between the two points. The link was often ...
Schematic of a flap-type waveguide attenuator: 1) resistive cord, 2) slot in waveguide, 3) adjusting knob, 4) dial, 5) reduction gear 4:1. The flap attenuator or resistive-card attenuator [1] is a flap-type waveguide attenuator that allows for precise and continuous attenuation of electromagnetic waves traveling through a rectangle waveguide.
Figure 1. Waveguide slotted line. Slotted lines are used for microwave measurements and consist of a movable probe inserted into a slot in a transmission line.They are used in conjunction with a microwave power source and usually, in keeping with their low-cost application, a low cost Schottky diode detector and VSWR meter rather than an expensive microwave power meter.
Attenuators placed along the RF circuit prevent the reflected wave from traveling back to the cathode. Higher powered helix TWTs usually contain beryllium oxide ceramic as both a helix support rod and in some cases, as an electron collector for the TWT because of its special electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
A T-pad attenuator formed from two symmetrical L sections. Because of the symmetry, R 1 = R 3 in this case. For an attenuator, Z and Y are simple resistors and γ becomes the image parameter attenuation (that is, the attenuation when terminated with the image impedances) in nepers. A T pad can be viewed as being two L sections back-to-back as ...
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At microwave frequencies, waveguide tees have two possible forms – the E-plane and H-plane. These two junctions split power equally, but because of the different field configurations at the junction, the electric fields at the output arms are in phase for the H-plane tee and are 180° out of phase for the E-plane tee.
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