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Saturated and unsaturated compounds. A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and binding of a Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and for many classes of chemical compounds. Overall, saturated compounds are less reactive than unsaturated compounds.
Oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid in nature. It is found in fats (triglycerides), the phospholipids that make membranes, cholesterol esters, and wax esters. [6] Triglycerides of oleic acid comprise the majority of olive oil (about 70%). Olive oil exceeding 2% free oleic acid is graded unfit for human consumption. [7]
Acetylene was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, who identified it as a "new carburet of hydrogen". [12][13] It was an accidental discovery while attempting to isolate potassium metal. By heating potassium carbonate with carbon at very high temperatures, he produced a residue of what is now known as potassium carbide, (K 2 C 2), which reacted ...
Aliphatic compound. In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ ˌælɪˈfætɪk /; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single requiring the structure to be completed, or ...
Fatty acid desaturases (also called unsaturases) are a family of enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. For the common fatty acids of the C18 variety, desaturases convert stearic acid into oleic acid. Other desaturases convert oleic acid into linoleic acid, which is the precursor ...
Example of an unsaturated fat triglyceride (C 55 H 98 O 6). Left part: glycerol ; right part, from top to bottom: palmitic acid , oleic acid , alpha-linolenic acid . Glycerolipids are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols , [ 30 ] the best-known being the fatty acid triesters of glycerol, called triglycerides .
Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. [2] It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride (ester of glycerin) rather than as a free fatty acid. [6]
Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids. [6] It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates.