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Mammillary bodies, and their projections to the anterior thalamus via the mammillothalamic tract, are important for recollective memory. [7] According to studies of rats with mammillary body lesions, damage to the medial mammillary nucleus lead to spatial memory deficits. [7]
Korsakoff syndrome stems from damage to the mammillary body, the mammillothalamic fasciculus or the thalamus. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Fatal familial insomnia is a hereditary prion disease in which degeneration of the thalamus occurs, causing the patient to gradually lose their ability to sleep and progressing to a state of total insomnia , which ...
The interthalamic adhesion (also known as the massa intermedia, intermediate mass or middle commissure) is a flattened band of tissue that connects both parts of the thalamus at their medial surfaces. The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle.
Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...
The subthalamic nucleus receives its main input from the external globus pallidus (GPe), [7] not so much through the ansa lenticularis as often said but by radiating 'comb' fibers crossing the medial pallidum first and the internal capsule (forming part of Edinger's comb system, see figure), as well as the ansa subthalamica. [8]
The image shows dopaminergic pathways of the human brain in normal condition (left) and Parkinsons Disease (right). Red Arrows indicate suppression of the target, blue arrows indicate stimulation of target structure. (Pallidothalamic connections visible but not labeled, as red line from GPi to THA.)
Superficial anatomy of female and male human body Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, using the vertebral column and rib cage as main reference points of superficial anatomy Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in human anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily identified from the ...
Hemiballismus or hemiballism is a basal ganglia syndrome resulting from damage to the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia. [1] It is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder, [2] that is characterized by pronounced involuntary limb movements [1] [3] on one side of the body [4] and can cause significant disability. [5]