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Till Time's Last Sand: A History of the Bank of England, 1694–2013. New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 320– 326. ISBN 978-1408868560. Sumner, Scott (2015). The Midas Paradox: Financial Markets, Government Policy Shocks, and the Great Depression. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute. pp. 66– 71. ISBN 978-1598131505
Beginning on February 14, 1933, Michigan, an industrial state that had been hit particularly hard by the Great Depression in the United States, declared an eight-day bank holiday. [1] Fears of other bank closures spread from state to state as people rushed to withdraw their deposits while they still could do so.
Crowds form outside the Bank of United States when it failed in 1931. The Bank of United States, founded by Joseph S. Marcus in 1913 at 77 Delancey Street in New York City, [1] [2] [3] was a New York City bank that failed in 1931. The bank run on its Bronx branch is said to have started the collapse of banking during the Great Depression. [4]
After the closing of banks nationwide in early March 1933, press reports and public statements by Congressional leaders suggested banks might be nationalized or the existing system of "dual banking" might be eliminated through federal legislation, or even a Constitutional amendment, to prohibit state chartering of banks.
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. ... [24] [25] Among the 608 American banks that closed in November and December 1930, ...
A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again." [33] Chemicals' ATM, initially known as a Docuteller was designed by Donald Wetzel and his company Docutel. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines.
Bank run at the Sparkasse on Mühlendamm, Berlin, 13 July 1931. The European banking crisis of 1931 was a major episode of financial instability that peaked with the collapse of several major banks in Austria and Germany, including Creditanstalt on 11 May 1931, Landesbank der Rheinprovinz on 11 July 1931, and Danat-Bank on 13 July 1931.
Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures; Shōwa Financial Crisis, a 1927 Japanese financial panic that resulted in mass bank failures across the Empire of Japan. Great Depression, the worst systemic banking crisis of the 20th century; Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975 in the UK; Japanese asset price bubble (1986–2003)