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Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire. It requires completing the fire triangle , usually by heating tinder above its autoignition temperature . Fire is an essential tool for human survival and the use of fire was important in early human cultural history since the Lower Paleolithic .
There are indications that the Iceman, also known as Ötzi, may have used iron pyrite to make fire. [5] From the Iron Age forward, until the invention of the friction match in the early 1800s by John Walker, the use of flint and steel was a common method of fire lighting.
The heat eventually turns the wood at the point of contact into charcoal, which is ground to a powder by the friction, that collects into the "V" notch. Continuing operation eventually ignites the charcoal dust producing a tiny ember, which can be used to start a fire in a "tinder bundle" (a nest of stringy, fluffy, and combustible material). [4]
Forge welding (FOW), also called fire welding, is a solid-state welding process [1] that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. [2] It may also consist of heating and forcing the metals together with presses or other means, creating enough pressure to cause plastic deformation at the ...
A fire plough (or fire plow) is a firelighting tool. In its simplest form, it is two sticks rubbed together. [1] Rubbing produces friction and heat, and eventually an ember. [2] More advanced are "stick-and-groove" forms, which typically uses a V-shaped base piece of wood, and a "friction stick" as the activator. [2] [3]
An image of a wooden bow drill designed for fire starting. The spindle can be held into a fixed frame, or by a hand-held block (the hand piece or thimble) with a hole into which the top of the shaft is inserted. Some lubricant should be used to reduce friction between these two parts, otherwise, it could lead to some trouble when doing it too fast.
The control of fire by early humans was a critical technology enabling the evolution of humans. Fire provided a source of warmth and lighting, protection from predators (especially at night), a way to create more advanced hunting tools, and a method for cooking food. These cultural advances allowed human geographic dispersal, cultural ...
At that time, cannons were cast at the foundry with an extra section of metal forward of what would become the muzzle, and this section was removed and discarded later in the manufacturing process. [ 12 ] [ g ] Rumford took an unfinished cannon and modified this section to allow it to be enclosed by a watertight box while a blunted boring tool ...