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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power , often expressed in decibels .
Traditionally, SNR is defined to be the ratio of the average signal value to the standard deviation of the signal : [2] [3] = when the signal is an optical intensity, or as the square of this value if the signal and noise are viewed as amplitudes (field quantities).
The ratio of (a) total received power, i.e., the signal to (b) the noise-plus-distortion power. This is modeled by the equation above. [2] The ratio of (a) the power of a test signal, i.e. a sine wave, to (b) the residual received power, i.e. noise-plus-distortion power. With this definition, it is possible to have a SINAD level less than one.
The Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is a multiple of the bit depth. Audio CDs use a bit depth of 16-bits, while DVD-Video and Blu-ray discs can use 24-bit audio. The maximum dynamic range of a 16-bit system is about 96 dB, [ 9 ] while for 24 bit it is about 144 dB.
Noise reduction, the recovery of the original signal from the noise-corrupted one, is a very common goal in the design of signal processing systems, especially filters. The mathematical limits for noise removal are set by information theory .
[5] [6] Acceptable values for wireless transmission quality loss are considered to be about 20 dB to 25 dB. [7] [8] In the absence of noise, the two images I and K are identical, and thus the MSE is zero. In this case the PSNR is infinite (or undefined, see Division by zero). [9]
It also provides multiple definitions relevant to sensors among which 1: "(measuring devices) The ratio of the magnitude of its response to the magnitude of the quantity measured.” and 2: "(radio receiver or similar device) Taken as the minimum input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio ...
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain.These figures of merit are used to evaluate the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver, with lower values indicating better performance.