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AVCOAT was used for the heat shield on NASA's Apollo command module. [4] In its final Apollo form, this material was called AVCOAT 5026–39. Although AVCOAT was not used for the Space Shuttle orbiters, NASA again used the material for its Orion spacecraft [5] first for the initial Orion test and then for a different type of heat shield for the later Orions.
Silicone Impregnated Refractory Ceramic Ablator, or SIRCA, is a lightweight ceramic ablative material, often used in thermal protection systems to protect parts of launch vehicles and spacecraft from very high temperature heat sources. [1]
The European Commission funded a research project, C 3 HARME, under the NMP-19-2015 call of Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development in 2016-2020 for the design, manufacturing and testing of a new class of ultra-refractory ceramic matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide fibers and Carbon fibers suitable for applications in severe aerospace environments.
By contrast, the reusable shuttle required a reusable thermal protection system. Lightweight Previous ablative heat shields were very heavy. For example, the ablative heat shield on the Apollo Command Module comprised about 15% of the vehicle weight. The winged shuttle had much more surface area than previous spacecraft, so a lightweight TPS ...
A thermal protection system, or TPS, is the barrier that protects a spacecraft during the searing heat of atmospheric reentry. Multiple approaches for the thermal protection of spacecraft are in use, among them ablative heat shields, passive cooling, and active cooling of spacecraft surfaces.
Heat absorption and ablative systems became preferable. In modern vehicles, passive cooling can be found as reinforced carbon–carbon material instead of metal. This material constitutes the thermal protection system of the nose and the front edges of the Space Shuttle and was proposed for the vehicle X-33.
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Ablative armor is armor which prevents damage through the process of ablation, the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. In contemporary spacecraft, ablative plating is most frequently seen as an ablative heat shield for a vehicle that must enter atmosphere from orbit, such as ...