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A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected pulses. It can be used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables (for example, twisted pair wire or coaxial cable ), [ 1 ] and to locate discontinuities in a connector, printed circuit board ...
One application is the use of a tympanometer (a specialised acoustic reflectometer) to diagnose medical conditions of the ear. [1] Ultrasonic reflectometry: A transducer generates acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequency which propagate until they reaches the interface between the propagation medium and the sample. The wave is partially reflected ...
An OTDR. An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber.It is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer which measures the impedance of the cable or transmission line under test.
The Abeles matrix formalism or the Parratt recursion can be used to calculate the specular signal arising from the interface. Off-specular reflectometry gives rise to diffuse scattering and involves momentum transfer within the layer, and is used to determine lateral correlations within the layers, such as those arising from magnetic domains or ...
Some scientific instruments commonly designated reflectometer are: . Vector network analyser (VNA); Optical time domain reflectometer; Reflectometer (electronics): In electronics, a directional coupler containing matched calibrated detectors in both arms of the auxiliary line, or a pair of single-detector couplers oriented so as to measure the electrical power flowing in both directions in the ...
Nearby, Sina Sedaghat, another Ph.D student of Sailor's, used the lab's $50,000 reflectometer to measure thermal emittance. For a spot of concrete in the sun, it showed a value of 0.26. An ...
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
Spread-spectrum time domain reflectometry is used in detecting intermittent faults in live wires. From buildings and homes to aircraft and naval ships, this technology can discover irregular shorts on live wire running 400 Hz, 115 V.