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Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7] Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family. [8] [9] Myostatin is assembled and produced in skeletal muscle before it is released into the blood stream. [10]
The definition and use of the term myokine first occurred in 2003. [5] In 2008, the first myokine, myostatin, was identified. [4] [6] The gp130 receptor cytokine IL-6 (Interleukin 6) was the first myokine found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions.
Follistatin is an endogenous protein that negatively regulates myostatin. [3] Reduction of myostatin expression is one of the mechanisms for the effects of androgens in promoting muscle growth. Androgens both regulate myostatin expression directly and upregulate follistatin expression. [3]
Muscle loss associated with the use of GLP-1 drugs can be mitigated by consuming a protein-rich diet and regular exercise. A moderate increase in protein consumption can help preserve muscle mass ...
Researchers have identified protein signatures in blood tests that can be used to detect or predict up to 67 diseases, using UK Biobank data in a cohort of nearly 42,000 participants.
Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
Myostatin is a protein found on muscle cells that inhibit the growth of muscles. Elderly patients are known to have higher levels of myostatin compared to younger patients, thus this protein poses a risk of developing sarcopenia. By inhibiting this protein, it may help reduce the process of muscle breakdown. [25]
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene. [5] GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family. [6] GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its sequence is highly conserved between in humans, mice and ...