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45 kg, not 45kg or 45 k g or 45 kgs 32 °C, not 32°C or 32° C 20 kN m or 20 kN⋅m, not 20 kNm or 20 k Nm π/2 rad, not π/2rad or π / 2 rad 50 %, not 50% or 50 percent (Note: % is not an SI unit, and many style guides do not follow this recommendation; note that 50% is used as adjective, e.g. to express concentration as in 50% acetic acid.)
The manual indicates that writers should also "Use only one space if the text will have justified margins," and "If the manuscript has already been typed with two spaces at the end of every sentence, use the Replace function to change two spaces to one space throughout."
There should be a space after a closing bracket, except where a punctuation mark follows (though a spaced dash would still be spaced after a closing bracket) and in unusual cases similar to those listed for opening brackets. Avoid adjacent sets of brackets. Either put the parenthetical phrases in one set separated by semicolons, or rewrite:
Sentence spacing concerns how spaces are inserted between sentences in typeset text and is a matter of typographical convention. [1] Since the introduction of movable-type printing in Europe, various sentence spacing conventions have been used in languages with a Latin alphabet. [2]
Semicolons are followed by a lower case letter, unless that letter would ordinarily be capitalised mid-sentence (e.g., the word "I", acronyms/initialisms, or proper nouns). In older English printed texts, colons and semicolons are offset from the preceding word by a non-breaking space, a convention still current in modern continental French texts.
Avoid using a hyphen after a standard -ly adverb (a newly available home). A hyphen is not a dash. Hyphens are used within words or to join words, but not in punctuating the parts of a sentence. Use an en dash (–) with before, and a space after – or use an em dash (—) without spaces (see Wikipedia:How to make dashes).
In typesetting, a thin space set in addition to the word space achieves French spacing. [10] "French spacing leaves the same amount of white space after all punctuation marks, but leaves some thin space before the “tall” punctuation marks..." [11] "In ordinary spacing a full em occurs at the end of a sentence. In French spacing the end of a ...
Punctuation in the English language helps the reader to understand a sentence through visual means other than just the letters of the alphabet. [1] English punctuation has two complementary aspects: phonological punctuation, linked to how the sentence can be read aloud, particularly to pausing; [2] and grammatical punctuation, linked to the structure of the sentence. [3]