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Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1] Special techniques are used to contour and reduce the chest wall, position the nipples and areola, and minimize scarring. [1] If the breast size is small, surgery that spares the skin, nipple and areola (subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy) may be performed ...
[23] [24] Bacterial contamination of the device can occur during the surgery, and is caused by allowing direct or indirect contact of the prosthesis with the patient's skin. Over 70% of infections occur due to the skin microbiome 's microorganisms including Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus and Candida albicans .
Gender-affirming surgery is known by many other names, including gender-affirmation surgery, sex reassignment surgery, gender reassignment surgery, and gender confirmation surgery. [3] It is also sometimes called a sex change , [ 4 ] though this term is usually considered offensive.
There are a variety of genital surgeries available to trans women and transfeminine non-binary people. Genital surgery can be an effective way for an individual to ease or eliminate feelings of disconnection or discomfort with their natal genitals; for others, including those who do not feel strongly about their natal genitals, it can create feelings of connection or congruence with their ...
Genital surgical procedures for transgender women undergoing sex reassignment surgery do not usually involve the complete removal of the penis; part or all of the glans is usually kept and reshaped as a clitoris, and the skin of the penile shaft may also be inverted to form the vagina.
The surgery itself is controversial, and critics refer to the procedures as "designer vagina". [28] [29] [30] In the article Designer Vaginas by Simone Weil Davis, she talks about the modification of woman's vagina and the outside influences women are pressured with, which can cause them to feel shame towards their labia minora. She states that ...
Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [ 3 ] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [ 4 ] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous ).
A penile implant is an implanted device intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, ischemic priapism, deformity and any traumatic injury of the penis, and for phalloplasty or metoidioplasty, including in gender-affirming surgery. Men also opt for penile implants for aesthetic purposes.