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Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1] Special techniques are used to contour and reduce the chest wall, position the nipples and areola, and minimize scarring. [1] If the breast size is small, surgery that spares the skin, nipple and areola (subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy) may be performed ...
Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [ 3 ] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [ 4 ] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous ).
Gender-affirming surgery is known by many other names, including gender-affirmation surgery, sex reassignment surgery, gender reassignment surgery, and gender confirmation surgery. [3] It is also sometimes called a sex change , [ 4 ] though this term is usually considered offensive.
Phalloplasty (also called penoplasty) [1] is the construction or reconstruction of a penis or the artificial modification of the penis by surgery. The term is also occasionally used to refer to penis enlargement .
The surgery itself is controversial, and critics refer to the procedures as "designer vagina". [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] In the article Designer Vaginas by Simone Weil Davis, she talks about the modification of woman's vagina and the outside influences women are pressured with, which can cause them to feel shame towards their labia minora .
She transitioned and had surgery in the mid-1970s, and successfully advocated to have transgender people recognized in U.S. sports. The first physician to perform sex reassignment surgery in the United States was Los Angeles-based urologist Elmer Belt, who quietly performed operations from the early 1950s until 1968.
A penile implant is an implanted device intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, ischemic priapism, deformity and any traumatic injury of the penis, and for phalloplasty or metoidioplasty, including in gender-affirming surgery. Men also opt for penile implants for aesthetic purposes.
Genital surgical procedures for transgender women undergoing sex reassignment surgery do not usually involve the complete removal of the penis; part or all of the glans is usually kept and reshaped as a clitoris, and the skin of the penile shaft may also be inverted to form the vagina.