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A special type of area density is called column density (also columnar mass density or simply column density), denoted ρ A or σ. It is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path; [ 1 ] It is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } over a column: [ 2 ] σ = ∫ ρ d s . {\displaystyle \sigma =\int \rho ...
The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils). [1] The "ISO 534:2011, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume" indicates that the paper density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ...
Mass attenuation coefficients of selected elements for X-ray photons with energies up to 250 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance).
Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper industry, are the area density of a paper product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used: Expressed in grams (g) per square metre (g/m 2), regardless of its thickness . [1] This is the measure used in most parts of the world.
Consider a long, thin rod of mass and length .To calculate the average linear mass density, ¯, of this one dimensional object, we can simply divide the total mass, , by the total length, : ¯ = If we describe the rod as having a varying mass (one that varies as a function of position along the length of the rod, ), we can write: = Each infinitesimal unit of mass, , is equal to the product of ...
Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness . High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is required.
As can be estimated from weight loss and the density , the wear coefficient can also be expressed as: [2] K = 3 H W P L ρ {\displaystyle K={\frac {3HW}{PL\rho }}} As the standard method uses the total volume loss and the total sliding distance, there is a need to define the net steady-state wear coefficient:
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used.