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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be ...
An exaggerated placental site may occur with normal pregnancy, or after an abortion. No specific treatment or follow up is necessary. Placental site nodules are lesions of chorionic type intermediate trophoblast, usually small. 40–50% of placental site nodules are found in the cervix. They almost always are incidental findings after a ...
The most frequent findings on a computed tomography (CT) of the chest are multiple primary nodules and/or masses, on a background of mosaic attenuation and airway wall thickening. [2] [9] The nodules have an indolent pattern of growth and are found throughout the lungs. The nodules are typically rounded and well-defined.
Definitive diagnosis is necessary to avoid unnecessary treatment and exclude more serious diagnoses (for example, haemoptysis, pleural effusion or cancer). Overall treatment for pulmonary endometriosis is surgical, with subsegmentectomy. Preserving lung parenchyma is a priority while removing macroscopic signs of pathological tissue. [5]
Nodules that are calcified are included in the category "OTHER X-ray findings, No follow-up needed". Chest x-ray showing discrete round nodule(s) with round edges without calcification, after secondary tuberculosis.
The criteria for diagnosing pulmonary adenocarcinoma have changed considerably over time. [10] [11] The 2011 IASLC/ATS recommendations, adopted in the 2015 WHO guidelines, use the following criteria for adenocarcinoma in situ: [12] tumor ≤3 cm; solitary tumor; pure "lepidic" growth* [13] No stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion
However, in the setting of a lung nodule, an air bronchogram is actually more frequent in malignant than in benign nodules. [1] [4] studied the tumour-bronchus relationship and described five types: [1] In “Type 1” the bronchial lumen is patent up to the tumour. In “Type 2” the bronchus is contained in the tumor.
Catamenial pneumothorax is a spontaneous pneumothorax that recurs during menstruation, within 72 hours before or after the onset of a cycle. [1] It usually involves the right side of the chest and right lung, and is associated with thoracic endometriosis. [2] A third to a half of patients have pelvic endometriosis as well.