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Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), also known as fawn calf syndrome, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in cattle. [1] The disorder affects the connective tissue of muscles, [1] leading to contracture of the upper limb (most obvious in the hind limbs), and laxity of the joints of the lower limbs. [2]
The Black Baldy is reared for beef. [3]: 256 Cows may be mated to a bull of a European beef breed, to produce a heavier, better-muscled and faster-growing calf. [2]: 190 In Britain and Ireland a similarly-marked cross-breed, the Black Hereford, results from crossing Hereford bulls on predominantly black-coloured dairy cows. [citation needed]
Treatment should be continued as long as positive results occur. Once treatment is stopped, hair loss resumes. [32] Corticosteroids injections into the scalp can be used to treat alopecia areata. This type of treatment is repeated on a monthly basis. Oral pills for extensive hair loss may be used for alopecia areata.
Charley horses have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium, or calcium (evidence has been mixed), [5] [6] [7] side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy. [8]
Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect. It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine —the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [ 1 ]
Chromosome Xp21 deletion syndrome Calf muscle [119] Childhood-onset Bilateral calf muscle hypertrophy [119] Neuromuscular oculoauditory syndrome (NMOAS) Calf muscle [120] Myopathy with extrapyramidal signs (MPXPS) Calf muscle [121] [122] Habitual toe walking secondary to autism spectrum disorder Calf muscle [51] Childhood-onset Muscle hypertrophy
A physical exam indicates a lack of pectoral and upper arm muscles, especially when the disease is unnoticed through the early teen years. Muscle wasting begins in the legs and pelvis, and then progresses to the muscles of the shoulders and neck. Calf muscle enlargement (pseudohypertrophy) is quite obvious. Among the exams/tests performed are ...
Treatments may include braces or wheelchairs, pacemakers and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. [2] The medications mexiletine or carbamazepine can help relax muscles. [ 2 ] Pain, if it occurs, may be treated with tricyclic antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).