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Social learning refers to learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products. [1] Social learning has been observed in a variety of animal taxa , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] such as insects , [ 4 ] fish , [ 5 ] birds , [ 6 ] reptiles , amphibians [ 7 ] and mammals (including primates [ 8 ] ).
Until the 1980s, [35] teaching, or social learning, was a skill that was thought to be uniquely human. [34] [36] However, research continued through the 1990s and beyond [37] [38] documented the existence of social learning among animal groups, which is not limited to mammals. Many insects, for example have been observed demonstrating various ...
Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent , sibling , friend , or teacher with ...
In emulation learning, subjects learn about parts of their environment and use this to achieve their own goals and is an observational learning mechanism (sometimes called social learning mechanisms). [1] In this context, emulation was first coined by child psychologist David Wood in 1988. [2]
While other species have social learning, and thus some level of culture, only humans, some birds and chimpanzees are known to have cumulative culture. [62] Boyd and Richerson argue that the evolution of cumulative culture depends on observational learning and is uncommon in other species because it is ineffective when it is rare in a population.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -U.S. manufacturing contracted at a moderate pace in November, with orders growing for the first time in eight months and factories facing significantly lower prices for inputs.
The holidays are here, and the booze is flowing. From wine at Thanksgiving dinner to the steady stream of eggnog and festive cocktails at holiday parties to toasting the new year with a glass of ...
As cultural animals, we regularly invent new tools based on our acquired cultural background, we may pay attention to specific models, such as the most successful individuals (and various other social learning biases), and in this way the best tool practices may increase in frequency and stick around in our collective repertoire until better ...