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The solder balls can be placed manually or by automated equipment, and are held in place with a tacky flux. [2] A coined solder ball is a solder ball subject to coining, i.e., flattening to a shape resembling that of a coin, to increase contact reliability. [3] Ball grid array, chip-scale package, and flip chip packages generally use solder balls.
Micro ball grid array : Ball spacing less than 1 mm; Thin fine-pitch ball grid array : A square or rectangular array of solder balls on one surface, ball spacing typically 0.5 mm; Land grid array (LGA): An array of bare lands only. Similar to in appearance to QFN, but mating is by spring pins within a socket rather than solder.
Paste also acts as an adhesive during component placement and solder reflow. The tackiness of the paste enables the components to stay in place. A good solder joint is one where the solder paste has melted well and flowed and wetted the lead or termination on the component and the pad on the board.
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After soldering, the boards may be washed to remove flux residues and any stray solder balls that could short out closely spaced component leads. Rosin flux is removed with fluorocarbon solvents, high flash point hydrocarbon solvents, or low flash solvents e.g. limonene (derived from orange peels) which require extra rinsing or drying cycles.
For example, if the part was shifted 0.25 mm and rotated 10° when picked up, the pickup head will adjust the placement position to place the part in the correct location. Some machines have these optical systems on the robot arm and can carry out the optical calculations without losing time, thereby achieving a lower derating factor.
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A grid array of solder balls on a printed circuit board after removal of an integrated circuit chip. Cross-cut section of BGA mounted circuit. A ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as microprocessors.