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The Köppen climate classification is the most widely used climate classification system. [2] It defines a tropical climate as a region where the mean temperature of the coldest month is greater than or equal to 18 °C (64 °F) and does not fit into the criteria for B-group climates, classifying them as an A-group (tropical climate group). [3]
Relationship of Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles: the Tropic of Cancer is a subsolar point only at the June solstice, and the Tropic of Capricorn is only at the December solstice [7]
The Köppen climate classification divides climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature.
Worldwide zones of tropical monsoon climate (Am). An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate subtype that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category Am.
The ecosystems of the tropical marine climate have to adapt to the dry season. Plants during the dry season must conserve water/moisture. However, the extent of the adaptation depends much on the annual rainfall.
Amazon River rain forest in Peru. Tropical rainforests are hot and wet. Mean monthly temperatures exceed 18 °C (64 °F) during all months of the year. [4] Average annual rainfall is no less than 1,680 mm (66 in) and can exceed 10 m (390 in) although it typically lies between 1,750 mm (69 in) and 3,000 mm (120 in). [5]
The mid-level African easterly jet stream north of the equator is considered to play a crucial role in the West African monsoon, [10] and helps form the tropical waves which march across the tropical Atlantic and the eastern part of the Pacific during the warm season. [11]
Hardiness zones in China. The northern extremities of both Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia have a subarctic climate [5] with long, severe winters, and short, warm summers. [6] In contrast, most of Hainan Island and parts of the extreme southern fringes of Yunnan have a tropical climate. [5]