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Masons of the 18º and above were deemed guilty of "Aggravated Circumstances", and usually faced the death penalty. [48] According to Francoists, the Republican Regime which Franco overthrew had a strong Masonic presence. [citation needed] In reality Spanish Masons were present in all sectors of politics and the armed forces. [49]
Freemasonry in Germany (German: Freimaurerei) started in several places during the second quarter of the Eighteenth century.After the extinction of the Rite of Strict Observance, which had a wide following and claimed Templar origins for its higher degrees, the several Grand Lodges in Germany defied all attempts at unification, although a largely ineffectual central organisation came into ...
Hitler was imprisoned for a month in 1922 after he had physically attacked Ballerstedt at a rally. Ballerstedt was arrested on the evening of 30 June 1934 by armed SS men in his Munich apartment, a day before going on a planned trip to Austria. He was killed in or near Dachau concentration camp.
Furthermore, from 1938 onwards there were holdings in Hydrierwerke Pölitz AG in Pölitz near Stettin (together with IG Farben and Rhenania-Ossag). In addition, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp was located in Pölitz. Oil production in the Reich expanded significantly during World War II, especially in the occupied countries.
executed, location of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit: Stefan Rowecki: 1895–1944: Polish: General, leader of the Armia Krajowa, journalist Polish resistance movement in World War II: executed, Warsaw: Stefan Starzyński: 1893–1943: Polish: Politician, economist, writer, Mayor of Warsaw 1934–1939 Polish intelligentsia
Hitler decided to kill his chief political opponents in what became known as the Night of the Long Knives. It lasted for two days, from 30 June to 1 July 1934. [207] Over 100 opposition figures were killed in addition to Hitler's rivals, including Klausener, Jung and Catholic Youth Sports Association national director Adalbert Probst.
Buchenwald (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːxn̩valt]; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937.It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (Old Reich) territories.
The Germans destroyed much of the camp's files and evidence and often allocated newly arrived prisoners the camp numbers of those who had already been killed, [40] so the exact death toll of Mauthausen and its subcamps is impossible to calculate. The matter is further complicated due to some of the inmates of Gusen being murdered in Mauthausen ...