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  2. Fourier transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform

    The Fourier transform can be formally defined as an improper Riemann integral, making it an integral transform, although this definition is not suitable for many applications requiring a more sophisticated integration theory. [note 1] For example, many relatively simple applications use the Dirac delta function, which can be treated formally as ...

  3. Fourier analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_analysis

    Its output, the Fourier transform, is often given a more specific name, which depends on the domain and other properties of the function being transformed. Moreover, the original concept of Fourier analysis has been extended over time to apply to more and more abstract and general situations, and the general field is often known as harmonic ...

  4. List of Fourier-related transforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Fourier-related...

    These are called Fourier series coefficients. The term Fourier series actually refers to the inverse Fourier transform, which is a sum of sinusoids at discrete frequencies, weighted by the Fourier series coefficients. When the non-zero portion of the input function has finite duration, the Fourier transform is continuous and finite-valued.

  5. List of dualities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dualities

    In mathematics, a duality, generally speaking, translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into other concepts, theorems or structures, in a one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an involution operation: if the dual of A is B, then the dual of B is A.

  6. Dual graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_graph

    Graph duality is a topological generalization of the geometric concepts of dual polyhedra and dual tessellations, and is in turn generalized combinatorially by the concept of a dual matroid. Variations of planar graph duality include a version of duality for directed graphs, and duality for graphs embedded onto non-planar two-dimensional surfaces.

  7. List of graphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_graphs

    The web graph W n,r is a graph consisting of r concentric copies of the cycle graph C n, with corresponding vertices connected by "spokes". Thus W n,1 is the same graph as C n, and W n,2 is a prism. A web graph has also been defined as a prism graph Y n+1, 3, with the edges of the outer cycle removed. [7] [10]

  8. Pontryagin duality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontryagin_duality

    The 2-adic integers, with selected corresponding characters on their Pontryagin dual group. In mathematics, Pontryagin duality is a duality between locally compact abelian groups that allows generalizing Fourier transform to all such groups, which include the circle group (the multiplicative group of complex numbers of modulus one), the finite abelian groups (with the discrete topology), and ...

  9. List of graph theory topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_graph_theory_topics

    1 Examples and types of graphs. 2 Graph coloring. 3 Paths and cycles. 4 Trees. Toggle Trees subsection. ... This is a list of graph theory topics, by Wikipedia page.