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Toxicofera (Greek for "those who bear toxins") is a proposed clade of scaled reptiles (squamates) that includes the Serpentes (snakes), Anguimorpha (monitor lizards, beaded lizards, and alligator lizards) and Iguania (iguanas, agamas, and chameleons).
Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva [1] containing zootoxins that facilitates in the immobilization and digestion of prey. This also provides defense against threats. This also provides defense against threats.
The evolutionary history of snake venom is a matter of debate. Historically, snake venom was believed to have evolved once, at the base of the Caenophidia , or derived snakes. Molecular studies published beginning in 2006 suggested that venom originated just once among a putative clade of reptiles, called Toxicofera , approximately 170 million ...
Research into dosage compensation has been carried out in six species of toxicoferan reptiles and in one species of softshell turtle. Two species of caenophidian snake (one which belongs to the family Viperidae and the other to the family Colubridae) have been investigated and both of these exhibit female heterogametic sex determination systems ...
A hook-nosed sea snake seen on Arossim Beach, South Goa, India. This snake was found in a fishing net and later released to the sea. Hydrophis schistosus, commonly known as the beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadeyan sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific.
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The death of Akbar Salubiro was the first fully confirmed case of a reticulated python (or in fact any snake) killing and consuming an adult human, [7] as the process of retrieving the body from the python's stomach was documented by pictures and videos taken by witnesses. [8] [9] [10] [11]
Fossilized snake remains are known from early Late Cretaceous marine sediments, which is consistent with this hypothesis; particularly so, as they are older than the terrestrial Najash rionegrina. Similar skull structure, reduced or absent limbs, and other anatomical features found in both mosasaurs and snakes led to a positive cladistical ...