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  2. Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_ratios_in...

    Likelihood Ratio: An example "test" is that the physical exam finding of bulging flanks has a positive likelihood ratio of 2.0 for ascites. Estimated change in probability: Based on table above, a likelihood ratio of 2.0 corresponds to an approximately +15% increase in probability.

  3. Pre- and post-test probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-_and_post-test_probability

    Diagram relating pre- and post-test probabilities, with the green curve (upper left half) representing a positive test, and the red curve (lower right half) representing a negative test, for the case of 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity, corresponding to a likelihood ratio positive of 9, and a likelihood ratio negative of 0.111.

  4. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

  5. Likelihood-ratio test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood-ratio_test

    Thus the likelihood-ratio test tests whether this ratio is significantly different from one, or equivalently whether its natural logarithm is significantly different from zero. The likelihood-ratio test, also known as Wilks test , [ 2 ] is the oldest of the three classical approaches to hypothesis testing, together with the Lagrange multiplier ...

  6. Likelihood function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_function

    The likelihood ratio is central to likelihoodist statistics: the law of likelihood states that degree to which data (considered as evidence) supports one parameter value versus another is measured by the likelihood ratio. In frequentist inference, the likelihood ratio is the basis for a test statistic, the so-called likelihood-ratio test.

  7. Diagnostic odds ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_odds_ratio

    The log diagnostic odds ratio can also be used to study the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity [5] [6] by expressing the log diagnostic odds ratio in terms of the logit of the true positive rate (sensitivity) and false positive rate (1 − specificity), and by additionally constructing a measure, :

  8. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    Despite the fact that the likelihood ratio in favor of the alternative hypothesis over the null is close to 100, if the hypothesis was implausible, with a prior probability of a real effect being 0.1, even the observation of p = 0.001 would have a false positive rate of 8 percent. It wouldn't even reach the 5 percent level.

  9. Power (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(statistics)

    Positive and negative predictive values – Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true; Effect size – Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon; Efficiency – Quality measure of a statistical method; Neyman–Pearson lemma – Theorem about the power of the likelihood ratio test