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Many global climate models (GCMs) have sea ice implemented in their numerical simulation scheme in order to capture the ice–albedo feedback correctly. Examples include: The Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model is a numerical model of sea ice designed for climate studies and operational oceanography developed at Université catholique de Louvain.
Sea ice thickness spatial extent, and open water within sea ice packs can vary rapidly in response to weather and climate. [1] Sea ice concentration is measured by satellites, with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMIS), and the European Space Agency's Cryosat-2 satellite to map the thickness and shape of the Earth's polar ice cover. [2]
This map was made in the 1970s, and the extent of sea ice has decreased since then , but this still gives a reasonable overview. At its maximum extent, in March, sea ice covers about 15 million km 2 (5.8 million sq mi) of the Northern Hemisphere, nearly as much area as the largest country, Russia. [9]
Nearly all of the Arctic’s sea ice could melt by the summer of 2027, a group of international scientists has warned. “The climate models show that unless we can stay below 1.5 degrees Celsius ...
Record-breaking low levels of sea ice around Antarctica in 2023 may have been influenced by climate change, scientists have said. Researchers at the the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) analysed ...
A map of sea surface temperature changes and glacial extent during the last glacial maximum, according to Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction, a mapping project conducted by the National Science Foundation in the 1970s and 1980s
The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September. Arctic Sea ice maximum is the day of a year when Arctic sea ice reaches its largest extent near the end of the Arctic cold season, normally during March. [14]
As the climate warms, the area covered by snow or sea ice decreases. After sea ice melts, more energy is absorbed by the ocean, so it warms up. This ice-albedo feedback is a self-reinforcing feedback of climate change. [68] Large-scale measurements of sea ice have only been possible since satellites came into use. [69]