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Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
During three orbit regimes, the surface images were transmitted back to the Earth. These three orbiting motions of the spacecraft are called mapping cycle 1, 2 and 3. During the mapping cycle 1 (left-looking) radar surface mapping on Venus (September 15, 1990 to May 15, 1991), around 70% of the Venusian surface was mapped by synthetic aperture ...
All Soviet spacecraft that never left Earth orbit were customarily renamed "Kosmos", regardless of the craft's intended mission. The name is also given to other Soviet/Russian spacecraft that are intended to—and do reach Earth orbit. — Venera 4: 4V-1 No.310: Atmospheric probe: 12 June 1967: 18 October 1967 —
Venera 4's battery ran out while still slowly floating through the massive atmosphere, and Venera 5 and 6 were crushed by high pressure 18 km (60,000 ft) above the surface. The first successful landing on Venus was by Venera 7 on December 15, 1970 — the first successful soft (non-crash) landing on another planet, as well as the first ...
A spacecraft has beamed back some of the best close-up photos ever of Mercury’s north pole. The European and Japanese robotic explorer swooped as close as 183 miles (295 kilometers) above ...
The International Space Station, launched in lower Earth orbit in 1998, has been continuously occupied since 2000, said the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In 24 hours, the space ...
Venera 2 (3MV-4 No.4) 12 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Flyby Spacecraft failure Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC. Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned. [12] Molniya-M: Venera 3 (3MV-3 No.1) 16 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Lander Spacecraft failure
Pioneer 11 was the first spacecraft to fly by Saturn. Mars 4: Mars 21 July 1973 10 February 1974 205 days (6 months, 21 days) Mars 4 failed to enter Mars orbit and flew by it instead. [90] Mars 6: Mars 5 August 1973 12 March 1974 220 days (7 months, 8 days) The Mars 6 bus flew by Mars at a minimum distance of 1600 km. Also carried a lander. [13 ...