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FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway transport. As with all Incoterms, FOB does not define the point at which ownership of the goods is transferred. The term FOB is also used in modern domestic shipping within North America to describe the point at which a seller is no longer responsible for shipping costs.
Under FOB terms the seller bears all costs and risks up to the point the goods are loaded on board the vessel. The seller's responsibility does not end at that point unless the goods are "appropriated to the contract" that is, they are "clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods". [20]
The CISG describes when the risk passes from the seller to the buyer [48] but it has been observed that in practice most contracts define the seller's delivery obligations quite precisely by adopting an established shipment term, [41] such as FOB and CIF. [49] Remedies of the buyer and seller depend upon the character of a breach of the contract.
In a time-charterparty or voyage-charterparty, if the charterer is shipping his own cargo (rather than the cargo of a third party) he will receive a bill of lading from the master, acting as agent of the shipowner; but that B/L will serve solely as a receipt and document of title, and its terms will (subject to contrary intent) be secondary to ...
Incoterms inform sales contract by defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from seller to buyer. Incoterms 2010, the 8th revision, refers to the newest collection of essential international commercial and trade terms with 11 rules. Incoterm 2010 was effective on and from January 1, 2011.
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English , it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
Uniform delivered pricing is the opposite of the FOB origin pricing, as the same price is quoted to all customers. The transportation costs are averaged across all buyers, and the nearby customers are in effect subsidizing the faraway ones (paying more for the delivery than it costs the seller, the difference is called the phantom freight).
Real estate agents are not working on consignment schemes. The agent is just the arranger of the business; contracts are written directly between the first and the third party (due to real estate registration and tax issues). Cross-border triangular trade with a sales agent is usually not consignment trade. This is because the goods typically ...