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Voluntary exchange is the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. [ citation needed ] Voluntary exchange is a fundamental assumption in classical economics and neoclassical economics which forms the basis of contemporary mainstream economics . [ 1 ]
OPEC Conference delegates at Swissotel, Quito, Ecuador, December 2010. The OPEC Conference is the supreme authority of the organisation, and consists of delegations normally headed by the oil ministers of member countries. The chief executive of the organisation is the OPEC secretary general. The conference ordinarily meets at the Vienna ...
According to the theory of comparative advantage, trade barriers are detrimental to the world economy and decrease overall economic efficiency. Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost (money, time, bureaucracy, quota) on trade that raises the price or availability of the traded products.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. It has since expanded to 12 ...
The following voluntary barrel-per-day production cuts remain the same: The United Emirates by 163,000; Kuwait by 135,000; Kazakhstan by 82,000; Algeria by 51,000 and Oman by 42,000, OPEC+ said.
The economists Harry White (left) and John Maynard Keynes at the Bretton Woods Conference [27]. The WTO precursor General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established by a multilateral treaty of 23 countries in 1947 after World War II in the wake of other new multilateral institutions dedicated to international economic cooperation—such as the World Bank (founded 1944) and the ...
"Voluntary and Open Membership" (in contrast to coerced/involuntary participation) "Democratic Member Control" (in contrast to nondemocratic control) "Member Economic Participation" (in contrast to purely transactional relationships and closed-book management) "Autonomy and Independence" (in contrast to state-owned or corporate-ownership)
A voluntary export restraint (VER) or voluntary export restriction is a measure by which the government or an industry in the importing country arranges with the government or the competing industry in the exporting country for a restriction on the volume of the latter's exports of one or more products.