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Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or multi-paradigm with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [ 1 ] For example, C++ is a multi- paradigm language including OOP; [ 2 ] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [ 3 ] and Ruby .
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
This sense of delegation as programming language feature making use of the method lookup rules for dispatching so-called self-calls was defined by Lieberman in his 1986 paper "Using Prototypical Objects to Implement Shared Behavior in Object-Oriented Systems".
Composition over inheritance (or composite reuse principle) in object-oriented programming (OOP) is the principle that classes should favor polymorphic behavior and code reuse by their composition (by containing instances of other classes that implement the desired functionality) over inheritance from a base or parent class. [2]
A language that also supports inheritance or subtyping is classified as object-oriented. [1] Even though object-oriented seems like a superset of object-based, they are used as mutually exclusive alternatives, rather than overlapping. [citation needed] Examples of strictly object-based languages – supporting an object feature but not ...
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages, but generally the shared aspects consist of state and behavior that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
In object-oriented programming, analysis and design, object identity is the fundamental property of every object that it is distinct from other objects. Objects have identity – are distinct – even when they are otherwise indistinguishable, i.e. equal. In this way, object identity is closely related to the philosophical meaning.