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The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 7 bits to encode characters. With this it is possible to encode 128 (i.e. 2 7) unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of Control characters which do not represent printable characters.
For example, in Python, raw strings are preceded by an r or R – compare 'C:\\Windows' with r'C:\Windows' (though, a Python raw string cannot end in an odd number of backslashes). Python 2 also distinguishes two types of strings: 8-bit ASCII ("bytes") strings (the default), explicitly indicated with a b or B prefix, and Unicode strings ...
The separation of newline into two functions concealed the fact that the print head could not return from the far right to the beginning of the next line in time to print the next character. Any character printed after a CR would often print as a smudge in the middle of the page while the print head was still moving the carriage back to the ...
This one-liner program is a glob pattern matcher. It understands the glob characters *, meaning zero or more characters, and ?, meaning exactly one character, just like most Unix shells. Run it with two args, the string and the glob pattern. The exit status is 0 (shell true) when the pattern matches, 1 otherwise.
In Python, non-innermost-local and not-declared-global accessible names are all aliases. Among dynamically-typed languages, Python is moderately type-checked. Implicit conversion is defined for numeric types (as well as booleans), so one may validly multiply a complex number by an integer (for instance) without explicit casting.
There are a number of techniques to display non-printing characters, which may be illustrated with the bell character in ASCII encoding: Code point: decimal 7, hexadecimal 0x07; An abbreviation, often three capital letters: BEL; A special character condensing the abbreviation: Unicode U+2407 (␇), "symbol for bell"
If the character is not found most of these routines return an invalid index value – -1 where indexes are 0-based, 0 where they are 1-based – or some value to be interpreted as Boolean FALSE. This can be accomplished as a special case of #Find , with a string of one character; but it may be simpler or more efficient in many languages to ...
The call printf ("%3d", 1234); outputs 1234 which is 4 characters long since that is the minimum width for that value even though the width specified is 3. If the width field is omitted, the output is the minimum number of characters for the value. If the field is specified as *, then the width value is read from the list of values in the call ...